Worlds First Flying Hotel

It's Big and its huge!!!!!!!!!!

Hot Ice

Hot Ice

Hot Ice refers to a chemistry demonstration involving a supersaturated solution of Sodium Acetate which, when disturbed, will appear to freeze into “ice” as the cold solution turns from a liquid into a solid in a matter of seconds. This process is exothermic and the resulting “ice” is warm to the touch, contrary to what one would expect of ordinary ice.

The picture to the left depicts pillars of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate which were created using Hot Ice solution.

Supersaturated solutions of Sodium Acetate are used in certain types of hand-warmers. When a metallic button is pressed inside a plastic pouch, the supersaturated solution begins to crystallize, in the process releasing heat.
Sodium Acetate is one of the products of the reaction between baking soda (Sodium Bicarbonate, NaHCO₃) and vinegar (Acetic acid, HC₂H₃O₂).

The video below shows the Hot Ice phenomenon in action. In the video, a supersaturated solution of Sodium Acetate is carefully poured into an empty Petri dish and a small Sodium Acetate seed-crystal is dropped into the liquid. The seed-crystal triggers the “freezing” of the supersaturated solution and the liquid begins to crystallize. The crystallization expands outward from the seed crystal and quickly fills the entire Petri dish, converting all of the supersaturated Sodium Acetate solution into solid Sodium Acetate Trihydrate.

Making Hot Ice

In order to make Hot Ice, one must first create a supersaturated solution of Sodium Acetate.

At a given temperature, only a certain amount of Sodium Acetate will dissolve in a certain volume of water. When this amount of Sodium Acetate has been dissolved, the resulting solution is said to be saturated and no more Sodium Acetate will dissolve. In our case we are interested in making a supersaturated solution, meaning that we want to dissolve more Sodium Acetate in a certain volume of water than what is normally “allowed”.

How will we create a supersaturated solution if we are only allowed to dissolve a certain amount of Sodium Acetate? Remember that the saturation point changes with temperature. At higher temperatures more Sodium Acetate will dissolve, and at lower temperatures less Sodium Acetate will dissolve in a given volume of water. To create the supersaturated solution we need to raise the temperature of the water and dissolve as much Sodium Acetate as we can (saturate the solution). Afterward, we allow the solution to cool back down to room temperature and then cool it even further in a refrigerator. As the solution’s temperature drops, the solubility of the Sodium Acetate will decrease as well. If the cooling process is done carefully enough then the excess Sodium Acetate which is dissolved in solution will stay dissolved even though the water is already fully saturated at its current temperature. In order for this to occur, the container must be very clean and smooth, free from dust and undissolved Sodium Acetate crystals, and the solution should be kept calm (do not shake it around) as it gradually cools. When done properly, the hot, saturated, Sodium Acetate solution should cool and become supersaturated without any Sodium Acetate precipitating out of solution.

Supersaturated Sodium Acetate Solution

Creating a supersaturate solution using anhydrous Sodium Acetate (NaC₂H₃O₂) and water can sometimes be difficult when trying to dissolve just the right amount of Sodium Acetate in water. An easier option exists using Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (NaC₂H₃O₂ • 3 H₂O) in place of the anhydrous variety. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate has 3 water molecules bound within its crystal lattice for every formula unit of Sodium Acetate…the water is already there, there is no need to add more. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate has the nice property of ‘melting’ at the very moderate temperature of only 58 °C (about 136 °F). Of course, the Sodium Acetate Trihydrare is not really melting, it is actually dissolving in the water which was bound within its own crystal lattice. By heating some “dry” (or at least it appears dry) Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, one will create an ideal solution with which to make Hot Ice. When heating the Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, take care not to use too high of a setting on the hot plate / stove / oven since one might inadvertently evaporate off too much of the water and the Sodium Acetate will no longer be in the proper ratio with water in the solution. Once all the Sodium Acetate Trihydrate has melted / dissolved, allow the solution to cool inside a refrigerator so that it will reach the point of supersaturation.

It is recommended that after one prepares the (hot) saturated Sodium Acetate solution, one should carefully poor the solution into a clean, smoothed-walled, container and use this new container when cooling and storing the Hot Ice solution. The point of doing this is that it lowers the risk of setting off the Hot Ice prematurely. Any tiny, undissolved, crystals remaining in the solution or along the walls of the container might trigger the Hot Ice to solidify. Therefore, it is best to let any undissolved Sodium Acetate settle the bottom of the original container before carefully pouring the solution into the new container, being careful not to splash any droplets onto the inside wall of the new container.

Once the Sodium Acetate solution has become supersaturated the Hot Ice is ready to use. By sufficiently disturbing the solution (for example, by touching it or by adding a seed-crystal to the supersaturated solution) the Hot Ice crystals will begin to form and spread throughout the container.

Afterward, one can re-use the solid Sodium Acetate Trihydrate again and again. Simply heat the crystals up past their melting point in order to re-dissolve the Sodium Acetate and then cool the liquid to create the supersaturated solution.

What is happening?

Since supersaturated solutions contain more dissolved solute than would normally exist in equilibrium they exist in a meta-stable state, similar to that of a ball sitting at the apex of a steep mountain. As long as nothing happens to the solution, like the ball sitting precariously atop the mountain, it will continue on in that state. However, the slightest “nudge” in any direction and the supersaturated solution (and the ball) will try to restore itself to its most stable state by precipitating solute out of solution (or rolling down to the bottom of the mountain in the case of the ball).

When the Hot Ice solution is triggered (possibly by the addition of a seed crystal), the dissolved Sodium Acetate comes out of solution and returns to a solid form. Furthermore, the solid Sodium Acetate can absorb water into its crystal lattice, becoming Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (NaC₂H₃O₂ ● 3 H₂O) in the process. The hydration of Sodium Acetate is exothermic and heat is released in the process, explaining why the Sodium Acetate crystals are warm even though the supersaturated solution was initially cold.

Review of the Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Movie

Yo, listen up

Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince was released and trust me It's the most fantastic movie release of all harry potter films.There are some edits done by David Yates,the director of HP6 to separate this movie from J.K Rowling's book. But this movie is simply superb.The collapse of the Brookdale bridge and the Enchanted fire around the Weasley's house are one of the main attractions of the Movie.

Here is the Trailer

Synopsis

Having returned to power, Death Eaters attack both the Muggle and Wizarding worlds. Lord Voldemort has given Draco Malfoy an assignment. Bellatrix Lestrange goads Severus Snape into making an Unbreakable Vow with Draco's mother, Narcissa, to protect Draco while he tries to fulfill his duty, and to carry out the assignment if he fails.

Scarred by his experience at the Ministry of Magic with Voldemort, Harry is reluctant to return to school. Dumbledore appears and encourages Harry to continue and takes his help in enticing former Potions Professor Horace Slughorn to return to Hogwarts. While leaving Fred and George's new shop in Diagon Alley, Harry, Ron and Hermione notice Draco associating with known Death Eaters in Borgin and Burkes, leaving Harry suspicious.

At Hogwarts, Harry and Ron borrow textbooks from the school for Slughorn's Potions class. The previous owner of Harry's copy, the "Half-Blood Prince", has annotated the book with additional instructions and spellcraft that allow Harry to excel in class and win a vial of the liquid luck, Felix Felicis. Ron becomes a Gryffindor Quidditch hero, attracting the love of Lavender Brown, leaving Hermione heartbroken. Harry is similarly distraught over Ginny's attraction to Dean Thomas. Harry spends Christmas Break with the Weasleys, during which he discusses the situation at Hogwarts with other Order of the Phoenix members. Bellatrix Lestrange and Fenrir Greyback attack the Burrow and attempt to kidnap Harry. The Order are able to keep everyone safe, but the Burrow goes up in flames.

Draco continues to elude Harry while perfecting the use of a Vanishing Cabinet inside the Room of Requirement. Harry suspects Draco is behind two attempts on Dumbledore's life: one through a cursed necklace (which accidentally hospitalizes Katie Bell), and another through a bottle of poisoned mead (which nearly kills Ron, eventually leading to a reconciliation with Hermione). Almost certain he is behind these horrific events, Harry duels Draco and uses a curse from the Half-Blood Prince's book which severely injures him. Snape heals Draco while Harry retreats. Ginny accompanies Harry to the Room of Requirement to hide his book and convinces him to close his eyes. After hiding the book, Ginny kisses Harry.

During private meetings held throughout the year, Dumbledore shows Harry memories of a young Tom Riddle and reveals Slughorn retains a memory critical to Voldemort's defeat. Harry manages to retrieve the memory using Felix Felicis. The memory reveals that Voldemort had been seeking information on Horcruxes, devices that safeguard a portion of the creator's soul, thereby granting him immortality until the Horcrux is destroyed. Dumbledore believes Riddle created six Horcruxes, of which four remain to be destroyed before Voldemort becomes mortal once again. After learning the location of another Horcrux, Dumbledore requests Harry's help to retrieve it. Deep inside a seaside cave, Harry is forced to make Dumbledore drink a foul, mind-altering liquid that hides the Horcrux, a locket. Though gravely weakened by the liquid, Dumbledore is able to defend them from a horde of inferi and apparates himself and Harry back to Hogwarts.

Once there, Dumbledore first tells Harry to fetch Snape for help, but tells him to hide when footsteps approach. Draco appears and reveals that Voldemort has chosen him to kill Dumbledore, but is unable to follow through. Snape arrives, motions to Harry to stay hidden, and joins the throng of Death Eaters that have arrived from the Vanishing Cabinet, cheering Draco on. To Harry's horror, Snape then casts the Avada Kedavra curse to murder Dumbledore and then escapes the castle with the other Death Eaters. In their wake, they cast the Dark Mark and destroy the Great Hall and eventually set fire to Hagrid's Hut. Harry tries to stop them, but Snape deflects Harry's spells and stuns him. As Snape departs, he reveals that he is the Half-Blood Prince. The students and teachers of Hogwarts illuminate their wands in respect to to their fallen headmaster.

While Hogwarts mourns Dumbledore's death, Harry reveals to Ron and Hermione that the locket Horcrux was a fake. The locket contains a message from an "R.A.B." stating he has already taken the real Horcrux and hopes to destroy it before he meets his own demise at the hands of the Dark Lord. Rather than return for their final year at Hogwarts, Harry and his friends vow to seek out R.A.B. and the remaining Horcruxes as Dumbledore's phoenix, Fawkes, flies into the horizon.

Hello Again!!!

Hey Everybody, It's the dumb anonymous again. Oh and after reading the posts, please remember to participate in the poll . Your results may help in doing a lot. By the way, if you wish to start a discussion amongst other bloggers, please comment on the posts and as I previously mentioned that If you want a topic to be started, don't email me. Instead use comments. Select topics will be previewed by me. Finally, please welcome the newest moderator Rockstar796. He will be posting two topics(which I can't tell you right now). He is quite mad, but he has got the brains. Enjoy

My First Post

Hello, this is a 12 year old blogger (who doesn't wanna be known). This blog was created by all the fellow bloggers who really wants a blog to express their thoughts on any subjects they like. Since you've all been wondering that "THIS BLOG IS ONLY FOR DUMB SUCKERS WHO EITHER LOVE PSPS OR HARRY POTTER OR AIRLINES". Sorry this blog is open but if you have to open up a new topic just email me. Thanks.

P.S- Our Moderators will give a first topic on their personal interests.